Suchergebnisse

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: A low fitness status during childhood and adolescence is associated with important health-related outcomes, such as increased future risk for obesity and cardiovascular diseases, impaired skeletal health, reduced quality of life and poor mental health. Fitness reference values for adolescents from different countries have been published, but there is a scarcity of reference values for pre-pubertal children in Europe, using harmonised measures of fitness in the literature. The IDEFICS study offers a good opportunity to establish normative values of a large set of fitness components from eight European countries using common and well-standardised methods in a large sample of children. Therefore, the aim of this study is to report sex- and age-specific fitness reference standards in European children. SUBJECTS/METHODS: Children (10 302) aged 6–10.9 years (50.7% girls) were examined. The test battery included: the flamingo balance test, back-saver sit-and-reach test (flexibility), handgrip strength test, standing long jump test (lower-limb explosive strength) and 40-m sprint test (speed). Moreover, cardiorespiratory fitness was assessed by a 20-m shuttle run test. Percentile curves for the 1st, 3rd, 10th, 25th, 50th, 75th, 90th, 97th and 99th percentiles were calculated using the General Additive Model for Location Scale and Shape (GAMLSS). RESULTS: Our results show that boys performed better than girls in speed, lower- and upper-limb strength and cardiorespiratory fitness, and girls performed better in balance and flexibility. Older children performed better than younger children, except for cardiorespiratory fitness in boys and flexibility in girls. CONCLUSIONS: Our results provide for the first time sex- and age-specific physical fitness reference standards in European children aged 6–10.9 years. ; European Union (EU) 016181 ; Volkswagen ; Spanish Government RYC-2011-09011 ; VR (research council in Sweden) ; FORTE (research council in Sweden) ; FORMAS (research council in Sweden)

Abstract
Childhood adiposity is increasingly affecting developed and developing countries alike. Body Mass Index (BMI) is a good first approximation of body weight, but interpretation in specific patient populations may be inconsistent. The aim of this study was to compare adiposity rates using three internationally accepted weight reference standards – World Health Organisation (WHO), International Obesity Task Force (IOTF), and US Centers for Disease Control (CDC), plus a local national scale (LV), evaluating 465, 6-to-9-year old school children in Latvia. After obtaining height and weight, BMI was calculated, and the four scales were individually applied by gender and age. Highly significant differences between LV and CDC, LV and IOTF, LV and WHO were found in all age groups (P < 0.01), and between WHO and IOTF reference standards (P < 0.01) in 7- and 8-year olds. We conclude that reference standards should be used with great caution. Reference standards for local ethnic populations are needed to avoid disagreements between scales, as this can lead to incorrect choice of therapy; reliance on any single reference standard may not consider a patient's unique set of circumstances that have resulted in excess weight and information that is vital for a good clinical outcome.

The article summarises the main results of a study investigating integrated development and implementation of an information analytical database of reference standards in the Federal State Budgetary Institution «Scientific Centre for Expert Evaluation of Medicinal Products» of the Ministry of Health of Russia (FSBI «SCEEMP»). The subject of the research is an information analytical database of reference standards designed to assess the quality, efficacy and safety of medicines. The aim of the study was to create the concept of an information analytical database of reference standards based on object-oriented approaches. The database was created in response to the need for improving the efficiency of certain types of activities of the FSBI «SCEEMP» which has already automated some of its processes. The paper discusses the key prerequisites for the creation of an integrated specialised information technology product as a way to improve overall performance. A general procedure for the development of an information and analytical database is presented, taking into account the tasks set and the established requirements for the functionality of the information and analytical system. The paper describes the implemented solutions, as well as strategies for their improvement. The operation algorithms of the information-analytical database of reference materials allow for its further modernisation, as well as greater automation of actions with documents and data, incorporation of new standardised reference books, ready-made templates, as well as modification in case any changes are made to business processes, legislation or technical and technological aspects of using reference standards. ; В статье рассмотрены основные результаты исследования процессов комплексной разработки и внедрения использования информационно-аналитической базы данных стандартных образцов на примере деятельности ФГБУ «НЦЭСМП» Минздрава России. Объект исследования – информационно-аналитическая база данных о стандартных образцах, предназначенных для оценки качества, эффективности и безопасности лекарственных средств. Цель работы – формирование концепции информационно-аналитической базы стандартных образцов на основе объектно-ориентированных подходов. Основанием разработки и внедрения базы данных явилась необходимость повышения эффективности отдельных видов деятельности ФГБУ «НЦЭСМП» Минздрава России, в рамках деятельности которого осуществляется автоматизация некоторых процессов. Рассмотрены ключевые предпосылки создания интегрального специализированного информационно-технологического продукта как способа повышения эффективности деятельности. Представлен общий порядок разработки информационно-аналитической базы данных с учетом поставленных задач и установленных требований по функциональности информационно-аналитической системы. В работе описаны реализованные решения, а также стратегии их совершенствования. Алгоритм работы информационно-аналитической базы стандартных образцов предполагает возможность ее модернизации, в том числе повышение уровня автоматизации действий с документами и данными, подключение новых стандартизованных справочников, готовых шаблонов, а также модификация в случае изменений схем бизнес-процессов учреждения, законодательства или технико-технологических аспектов использования стандартных образцов.